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The process of forging ring forgings

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The process of forging ring forgings

Release date:2019-02-16 Author: Click:

The process of forging ring forgings

Forging industry is an important link of the national economy, all production fields are inseparable from forging, such as aircraft, cars, ships, power generation equipment, petrochemical equipment and other parts, small such as small components in the clock, are using forging means for production and processing, it involves a very wide range.

Preparation before forging includes selection of raw materials, calculation of materials, blanking, heating, calculation of deformation force, selection of equipment and design of molds.

Before forging also need to choose good lubrication method and lubricant. Forging with a wide range of materials, both a variety of brands of steel and high-temperature alloys, and aluminum, magnesium, titanium, copper and other non-ferrous metals; There are not only bars and profiles of different sizes processed once, but also ingots of various specifications. In addition to a large number of domestic materials suitable for China's resources, there are materials from abroad. Most of the forged materials have been listed in the national standards, and many are new materials developed, tested and promoted. As we all know, the quality of products is often closely related to the quality of raw materials, so for the forging workers, must have the necessary knowledge of materials, to be good at according to the process requirements to choose the right materials.

Counting and blanking is one of the important links to improve the material utilization rate and realize the blank refinement. Excessive material not only causes waste, but also aggravates mold wear and energy consumption. If the blanking does not leave a little margin, it will increase the difficulty of process adjustment, increase the reject rate. In addition, the quality of the blanking end has an effect on the process and forging quality.

The purpose of heating is to reduce the forging deformation force and improve the plasticity of the metal. But heating also brings a series of problems, such as oxidation, decarbonization, overheating and overburning. Accurate control of initial and final forging temperature has great influence on product structure and properties.

Flame furnace heating has the advantages of low cost and strong applicability, but the heating time is long, easy to produce oxidation and decarbonization, labor conditions need to be improved. Electric induction heating has the advantages of rapid heating and less oxidation, but poor adaptability to product shape, size and material changes.

Forging is produced under the action of external forces, therefore, the correct calculation of deformation force, is the basis for the selection of equipment, mold check. The analysis of stress and strain inside the deformation body is also indispensable for optimizing the process and controlling the microstructure and properties of the forging.

There are four main methods for analyzing deformation forces. Although the principal stress method is not strict, it is simple and intuitive and can calculate the total pressure and the stress distribution on the workpiece and tool contact surface. The slip line method is strict for plane strain problem, and it is intuitive to solve the stress distribution for local deformation of high components, but its application range is narrow. The upper bound method can give the overestimated load and the upper bound element can predict the shape change of the workpiece when it is deformed. The finite element method can not only give the change of external load and workpiece shape, but also give the distribution of internal stress and strain. There is a recent trend towards a joint approach to problem analysis, for example. The upper bound method is used for rough calculation, and the finite element method is used for fine calculation in key parts.

Reduce friction, not only can save energy, but also can improve the life of the mold. Since the deformation is relatively uniform, it is helpful to improve the microstructure and properties of the product. The lubricants used are also different due to the different forging methods and working temperatures. Glass lubricant is mainly used in high temperature alloy and titanium alloy forging. For hot forging of steel, water-based graphite is a widely used lubricant. For cold forging, due to the high pressure, phosphate or oxalate treatment is required to go forward and backward.


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